word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 55501 | p- |
2 | 48095 | n- |
3 | 44763 | s- |
4 | 37230 | a- |
5 | 34786 | i- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 29427 | ne- |
2 | 18531 | pa- |
3 | 16115 | sa- |
4 | 15324 | iz- |
5 | 14858 | no- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 9088 | pie- |
2 | 6203 | pār- |
3 | 4570 | nep- |
4 | 4109 | aiz- |
5 | 3489 | nes- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 1837 | neiz- |
2 | 1687 | nesa- |
3 | 1658 | nepa- |
4 | 1609 | neno- |
5 | 1550 | nepi- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 1370 | nepie- |
2 | 887 | priek- |
3 | 838 | pamat- |
4 | 751 | inter- |
5 | 677 | cilvē- |
The tables show the most frequent letter-N-grams at the beginning of words for N=1…5. Their frequency is count without multiplicity, otherwise the stopwords would dominate the tables.
As shown in the above example (German), word prefixes are clearly visible. In the above example, ver- and ein- are prefixes, and Sch- is not. At the end of a prefix we typically have a wide variety of possible continuations. Hence a prefix of length k will be prominent in the table for N=k, but typically not in the table for N=k+1. The prominent entries Schw- and Schl- for N=4 tell us that Sch- is no prefix.
Zipf’s diagram is plotted with both axis in logarithmic scale, hence we expect nearly straight lines. The graphs look more typical for larger N. Especially for N=3 we find only a small number of trigrams resulting in a sharp decay.
For a language unknown to the reader, the data can easily be used to see whether prefixes do exist and to find the most prominent examples.
For counting, only words with a minimum character length of 10 were considered.
Because only a word list is needed, the tables above can be generated from a relatively small corpus.
For N=3:
SELECT @pos:=(@pos+1), xx.* from (SELECT @pos:=0) r, (select count(*) as cnt, concat(left(word,3),"-") FROM words WHERE w_id>100 group by left(word,3) order by cnt desc) xx limit 5;
For more insight in a language, longer lists might be useful.
Is there a need for larger N
Most frequent word endings
Most frequent letter-N-grams
Number of letter-N-Grams at word beginnings
Number of letter-N-Grams at word endings